Cherubism, a rare childhood disease with a brief review of literature

Cherubism is a rare, benign, non-neoplastic fibro-osseous hereditary condition related to genetic mutations, characterised by symmetrical expansion of the mandible and/or maxilla, usually found in children between 2-5 years of age giving characteristic cherubic appearance and an upward turning of the eyes. These lesions gradually increase for next few years, stay inactive and start regressing after puberty. On radiography, the lesions exhibit bilateral multilocular radiolucent areas. Histopathology reveals multinucleated giant cells in the background of proliferating fibrous connective tissue. These self-limiting, spontaneously regressing lesions do not require any surgical intervention, except for significant functional and/or esthetic impairment. The present case describes Cherubism in a young child who is far from reaching puberty, with a brief review of literature on cherubism.